Cutting technology refers to the processing method of cutting the workpiece by cutting the tool to remove excess material and obtain the required shape and size. In CNC processing, the quality of cutting technology directly affects the quality, precision and production efficiency of the processed parts.
Good cutting technology can ensure the precision of the processed parts. By reasonably selecting tools, cutting parameters and cutting methods, the cutting force, cutting heat and tool wear can be effectively controlled, thereby reducing processing errors and improving the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of parts.
The cutting process also has an important influence on processing efficiency. Reasonable cutting parameters and cutting methods can improve the cutting efficiency of the tool, reduce processing time, and thus improve production efficiency. At the same time, good cutting technology can also extend the service life of the tool and reduce tool costs.
The cutting process is also related to the surface quality of the processed parts. By selecting suitable tools and cutting parameters, smooth surface quality can be obtained, surface roughness can be reduced, and the appearance quality and performance of parts can be improved. The elements of cutting process need to pay attention to the following aspects:
Tool selection
Tools are one of the core elements of cutting technology. When selecting tools, the following aspects need to be considered:
1. Tool material: Common tool materials include high-speed steel, cemented carbide, ceramics, etc. Different tool materials have different performance characteristics, and the appropriate tool material should be selected according to the processing materials, processing requirements and processing conditions.
2. Tool geometry: The geometry of the tool includes the tool's edge angle, edge radius, front angle, back angle, etc. Different geometries are suitable for different processing materials and processing requirements, and should be selected according to actual conditions.
3. Tool coating: Tool coating can improve the hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the tool and extend the service life of the tool. Common tool coatings include TiN, TiAlN, CrN, etc.
Cutting parameter selection
Cutting parameters refer to cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth. Reasonable selection of cutting parameters can improve cutting efficiency and ensure processing quality:
1. Cutting speed: Cutting speed refers to the linear speed of a certain point on the cutting edge of the tool relative to the workpiece. The selection of cutting speed should be determined according to factors such as tool material, processing material and processing requirements. Generally speaking, the cutting speed of high-speed steel tools is lower, and the cutting speed of carbide tools is higher.
2. Feed rate: Feed rate refers to the speed at which the tool moves along the feed direction during the cutting process. The selection of feed rate should be determined according to factors such as processing material, tool material and cutting depth. Generally speaking, the greater the feed rate, the higher the cutting efficiency, but the surface quality of the processing may be reduced.
3. Cutting depth: Cutting depth refers to the thickness of material removed by the tool in one cutting process. The selection of cutting depth should be determined according to factors such as processing material, tool material and processing requirements. Generally speaking, the greater the cutting depth, the greater the cutting force and the faster the tool wear.
Cutting method selection
The cutting method refers to the movement of the tool during the cutting process. Common cutting methods include down milling and reverse milling, end milling and peripheral milling, etc.
1. Down milling and reverse milling: Down milling means that the cutting direction of the tool is the same as the feed direction of the workpiece, and reverse milling means that the cutting direction of the tool is opposite to the feed direction of the workpiece. Down milling has a smaller cutting force and a better surface quality, but it is easy to cause the worktable to move; reverse milling has a larger cutting force and a poorer surface quality, but the worktable has better stability.
2. End milling and peripheral milling: End milling refers to cutting with the end face of the milling cutter, and peripheral milling refers to cutting with the circumferential surface of the milling cutter. End milling has a larger cutting force and a better surface quality, but the tool wears faster; peripheral milling has a smaller cutting force and a slower tool wear, but the surface quality is poor.
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